INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC

TRANSLATION ERROR USING GOOGLE TRANSLATE

Name: Naurah Nabilah Sya'bani Padmasehana

Abstract

During the last decades, Google Translate, as a statistical machine translation (SMT), was in the center of attention for supporting 90 languages. Although there are many studies on Google Translate, few researches have considered other language – English translation pairs. This study used Keshavarz’s (1999) model of error analysis to carry put a comparison study between the raw English – Persian translations and Persian – English translation from Google Translate. Based on the criteria presented in the model, 100 systematically selected sentences from an interpreter app called Motarjem Hamrah were translated Google Translate and then evaluated and brought in different tables. Result of analyzing and tabulating the frequencies of the errors together with conducting a chi-square test showed no significant differences between the qualities of Google Translate from other language to English and English to other language. In addition, lexicosemantic and active/passive voice errors were the most and least frequent errors, respectively. Directions for future research are recognized in the paper for the improvements of the system.

KEYWORDS: Error Translation, Google Translation, Machine Translate

Introduction

The use of Google Translate has been increasing either in the academic discipline or in the non – academic discipline. Despite the fast – turnaround time produced by Machine Translation has been considered such as Google Translate, the quality of the translation has been considered far from perfection. Thus in order to evaluate the quality of machine translation, error analysis has been suggested to be conducted. In line with this, numerous text genres have been investigated, including one of which is an abstract text. Abstracts as a summary of a research paper harbors important information where it serve to attract readers to whether read the entire passage or leave it.

 In Indonesia, the need to translate abstracts of undergraduate thesis into English is a requirement for students to complete their final year academic papers. Some universities oblige students to have the abstract of their scientific translated by official institutional language center, but, some others do not require official translation service to translate their abstract into English. As a result, students are allowed to use whatever means available to translate their abstract as fast as possible without taking into account the accuracy of the translated text. The last resort students would take is using Google Translate to translate their abstract since the service it provides is free and real – time basis results within seconds.  However, the majority of students have been unaware of the consequences it bears upon it such as wrong world choices, wrong prepositions, wrong word order and so on. They have been known to have used Google Translate to translate their abstracts of bachelor’s papers into English. This phenomenon is found in the Methodist University of Indonesia, Medan. The university administrator does not require final year student to translate their bachelor’s papers’ abstracts accurately using the service of professional translator.

International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research

Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 15-23, April 2017

Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org)

Background of Study

Nowadays, English is considered as international language due to the impact of globalization. In the process of understanding English, translation is needed. According to Catford (1965:20), translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). Its uses can be found in the translation of textbook, state documents, literary works, bilingual books, business documents, journals or scientific works and so forth. Hence, because of its vital role, translation can offer a solution to overcome language gap in communication.

Indonesian people often use internet in their daily life. One of the tools on the internet that can help them in translation process is Google Translate service. Google Translate is a convenient tool that offers free instant translation service on the web. It can be utilized to translate words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs and even a web page between any pairs of supported languages. Moreover it can be utilized to minimized time and effort to do translation tasks because the translation results are instantly generated. The translation is also helped with the easiness and availability of Google Translate. Which are online and accessible to anyone and anytime for free with internet connection.

Meanwhile, the use of Google Translate to translate has brought some issues. Some translators might use Google Translate blatantly without any revising effort on its translation, which leads to some overwhelming translation results. Google Translate itself also has limitation, that when translating complex sentences, it would sometimes resulted in inaccurate translation. There is an opinion that using Google Translate to do the translation work is too narrow – minded and easy because anyone can copy the text to Google Translate, choose the language and press the translate button. Even, anyone who does not have any proficiency in both source and target language is able to do it. Despite of those issues, the use of Google Translate to do the translation work is indeed fast and can bring an instant overview of translation result.

From those issues, there comes an idea of analyzing the errors in translation result of certain type of text by using Google Translate. One type of the text, which is very familiar in daily life, is News Item text. News Item texts can be found in newspaper, magazines, blogs, news, websites and so forth. Utilizing Google Translate to translate News Item texts is also popular due to the need of fast information updates in the society in a form of translating foreign news into local language that can be understood by local people and vice versa. Thus, this research was employed to find and explain errors in Google Translate’s translation results of News Item texts from Indonesia to English.

Research Finding

Translation

Translating is the written transfer activity text messages from one language texts (Hoed; 2006: 5). In this case, the translated text is called the source text and a language called the source language. With regard to the translation, the text drafted by the translator is called the target text and the language is called the target language. Nida and Taber (1994:34) stated “translation is the reproducing message in the source language with natural equivalence in the target language, play through two steps, first, based on the meaning and second based on style”. In other words, the translation is to reproduce the message in the source language with their natural equivalents in the target language, in two steps, first, based on the meanings and the second based on the style (the language) it.

Based on some of the above definitions of translation, translation is a section on the relationship between two or more languages that then either transfers the meaning of the source language (SL) into target language (TL).

Types of Translation

Translation can be classified into several types. According to Lado (1968; 261 – 262) translation is not only used for formal purposes, but the translation is also used for informal purposes. Therefore, the translation may occur in two areas, namely in the realm of factual formal translation in literature (literary) in the realm of informal translation.

Larson (1928: 35) stated that translations into shapes (form – based information) and translation of the meaning – based translation). Examples of forms – based translation are a literal translation, while translating idiomatic translation is an example of the meaning – based translation. Literal translation is the translation of the word per word (word to word translation). This translation is usually used in linguistic translation. In idiomatic translation (idiomatic translation), the translator tries to divert the meaning of sources language into target language so that can be understood easily and naturally. Therefore, the emphasis on the idiomatic translation of the meaning or message is not on words or other lexical items.

Moreover, Newmark (1988: 45 – 47) classifies translation into eight kinds, namely:

1.      Word for Word Translation

In translating word for word translation, the wording (word – order) sources languages is maintained and words in sources language translated one by one in accordance with the general meaning and not taking account of the text.

2.      Literal Translation

In this translation, grammatical constructions source (source language) was transferred into the target language grammatical constructions (target language) closest, but the words translated lexical still single, out of context.

3.      Faithful Translation

In this type of translation, contextual meaning diverted from source language into target language, despite the limitations of target language grammatical structure. Words cultures are transferred and the degree of “abnormality” grammatical and lexical persists.

4.      Semantic Translation

This translation is promoting the values the beauty of sources language. Translating this model more flexible by providing a space for creativity and intuition interpreter.

5.      Adaptation Translation

This type of translation is a form of translation ‘most free’, commonly used in drama and poetry.

6.      Free Translation

In this type of translation, the message and mandate reproduced, regardless of the form in the source language. In other words, in this kind of translation, ‘content’ is translated without following the ‘shape’ as in source language.

7.      Idiomatic Translation

In translation this type of message or mandate reproduced in target language but there is a tendency to distortion shades of meaning, due to the use of idiom that was not there at source language.

8.      Communicative Translation

In this type of translation, contextual meaning source language can be received and understood by the target audience of the translation.

Machine Translation

Machine translation is a blend of linguistics with computational science, often referred to as part of the science of computational linguistics. The point of this science tries to make the machine capable of translating one language into another. Besides proving that the translation is no longer solely a translation by humans, but in a professional context, an improvement of process and products that combine the power of computer and the analysis of language – based computers with the human ability to analyze the meaning and determine an appropriate form into other languages.

Google Translate is one of several machine translations most commonly used by people around the world to translate text over 90 different languages. Google Translate searches different documentaries to find the best appropriate translation pattern between translated texts by human. This pattern searching is called Statistical Machine Translation. Since the number of translated texts varies from users to users, consequently, the quality of Google Translate depends on the number of human translated texts searched by Google Translate (Karami, 2014). Quite recently, another assessment to the study of Google Translate does not handle subject – verb agreement very well while translating English sentences into another language compare to human translation.

Error Analysis

Error analysis (EA), a fundamental branch of applied linguistics, emerged in the sixties to address students’ performance (Shrestha, 1979). According to Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics (2010), (EA) is manifested in order to (1) describe strategies used by the learners in language teaching, (2) spot causes of errors and finally (3) gain information on common difficulties in language learning to develop  materials and strategies to help the learners avoid their errors.

Error analysis is a type of linguistic analysis that focuses on the errors learners make. It consists of a comparison between the errors made in the Target Language (TL) and that TL itself (Corder, 1974). According to Richards et al. (1992: 96), “error analysis may be carried out in order to: a) find out how well someone knows the language, b) find out how a person learns language and c) obtain information on common difficulties in language learning”. Moreover, error analysis helps to identifying the weaknesses, with a variety of techniques, for identifying, classifying and systematically interpreting the language learners’ errors (Khodabandeh, 2007).

In terms of errors made by student of English, errors appear when the learner’s knowledge of the rules of the target language is incomplete. Errors is considered to be systematic, governed by the rule and also regarded as rule – governed when they follow the rules of the learner’s inter language (Keshavarz, 2011). According to Abbasi and Karimnia (2011) it is essential that teachers be able to adjust their teaching plan to make their teaching work more effectively by identifying learners’ errors. Moreover, recognizing errors can provide valuable information for teachers about how much the learners has learned and what kind of problems s/he has in the study of language. As Conde (2011) puts it, “error detection has been the traditional basis for translation evaluation”. Gass and Selinker (1994) identified six steps followed in conducting an error analysis. These included ‘collecting data’, ‘identifying errors’, ‘classifying errors’, ’quantifying errors’, ‘analyzing sources of error’ and ‘remediating for errors’.

Error in Translation

According to Kohler (1979: 216), based on the concept of equivalence between source text and target text, a translation error is regarded as some kind of non – equivalence between source text and target text or non – adequacy of the target text. In functionalistic approach and approaches based on the ‘skopos theory’, an error is defined as relative to the fulfillment of the target text function and the receiver’s expectations (Schmitt 1998:394; Nord 2009; 190).

Conclusion

Using Google Translate or any kind of Machine Translator is not right an answer to translate for translating foreign language. Google Translate is only use to a pre – translation that still needs to be revised in linguistic aspects so it will not cause mistranslation in the future for someone who needs to translate foreign language fast.

References

Napitupulu, Sependi (2017) “ANALYZING INDONESIAN – ENGLISH ABSTRACTS TRANSLATION IN VIEW OF TRANSLATION ERRORS BY GOOGLE TRANSLATE”. From http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Analyzing-Indonesian-English-Abstracts-Translation-in-view-of-Translation-Errors-by-Google-Translate.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj5xLGV7-nbAhXZMt4KHTCgDk4QFjABegQlAhAB&usg=AOvVaw0RkTg3D9hEr-Qa08UT4WAD  accessed on June 19^th 2018

Ismail, Adam and Hartono Rudi (2016) “ERRORS MADE IN GOOGLE TRANSLATE IN THE INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF NEWS ITEM TEXTS”. From http://www.journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/elt/article/view/11228 accessed on June 19th 2018 14:54

Anggaria, Aria Septi and Muhamad Sofian Hadi (2017) “LINGUISTIC ERRORS ON NARRATIVE TEXT TRANSLATION USING GOOGLE TRANSLATE” From

http://www.academia.edu/36368688/LINGUISTIC_ERRORS_ON_NARRATIVE_TEXT_TRANSLATION_USING_GOOGLE_TRANSLATE accessed on June 19th 2018

Stankeviciute, Gilvile, Ramune Kasperaviciene and Jolita Horbacauskiene (2017) “ISSUES IN MACHINE TRANSLATION”. From http://www.content.sciendo.com/view/journals/llce/4/1/article-p75.xml  accessed on June 19^th 2018

Koponen, Maarit and Leena Salmi (2015) “ON THE CORRECTNESS OF MACHINE TRANSLATION: A MACHINE TRANSLATION POST – EDITING TASK”. From http://www.jostrans.org/issues23/art_koponen.pdf  accessed on June 19^th 2018 21:32

Ghasemi, Hadis and Mahmood Hashemian (2016) “A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE TRANSLATION: AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH – TO – PERSIAN AND PERSIAN – TO – ENGLISH TRANSLATION” From http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n3p13 accessed on June 19th 13:33

Afshin, Hakiminejad and Mohammad Ali Alaeddini (2016) “A CONTRANSITIVE ANALYSIS OF MACHINE TRASLATION (GOOGLE TRANSLATE) AND HUMAN TRANSLATION: EFFICACY IN TRANSLATING VERB TENSE FROM ENGLISH TO PERSIAN”. From

http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/viewFile/9502/9172 accessed on June 19th 2018 22:01

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

Name: Naurah Nabilah Sya'bani Padmasedhana

Introduction

The discipline of design is relatively young, but has rapidly matured in recent decades. This is evidenced by an increase in the number of design journals and dedicated design conferences since the late 1980s, and by an increase in the amount of attention being paid to design in journals from other academic fields like innovation and marketing.

As the body of design research develops and expands, it is interesting to examine the publication patterns of institutions and researchers publishing in the field of design. In other research fields, studies providing rankings of schools and scholars on the basis of the number of papers published and the citations of these papers are relatively common. In this paper we also recognize the performance of those universities and scholars that have made a significant contribution to the academic development of the design discipline. Another major aim for this paper is to provide insight into the publication patterns of leading institutions and scholars.

A recent study provided a list of 14 journals considered to be leading in industrial design research. When examining the nature of these 14 journals, a distinction can be made between so – called design – relevant journals and design – focused journals. Design – relevant journals focus on a disciplinary area such as ergonomics or human – computer interaction. Design researchers use insights from these fields in their design research and contribute to these fields when publishing their work in these journals. However, if design research is understood to focus on the development of and human interaction with products and services, as in Gemser et al,’s study, some of the papers being published in these design – relevant journals cannot really be called design research – even though they do cover a broad spectrum of design aspects.

A research design according to Andrew B. Kirumbi (2018) is the set of methods and procedures used in collecting and analyzing measures of the variables specified in the research problem research. The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlation, semi – experimental, experimental, review, meta – analytic) and sub – type (e.g., descriptive – longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design and if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan. Research design is the framework that has been created to find answers to research questions.

Before start the hypotheses, must develop a research design to use when collecting, analyzing and interpreting observations and data. A research design is a plan specifying how you intend to fulfill the goals of the study. It it’s a rational plan of verification that guides through the various stages of the research. Research designs are important because complete designs tend to produce significant and correct conclusions. They contribute to the systematic observation of the research question or problem.

After having decided on a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods approach and after conducting a preliminary literature review and deciding on a format for a proposal, the next step in the process is to designing an introduction to a proposal. This chapter discusses the composition and   writing of a scholarly introduction and examines the deficiencies in writing an introduction for these three different types of designs. Then the discussion turns to the five components of writing a good introduction: a) establishing the problem leading to the study, b) reviewing the literature about the problem, c) identifying deficiencies in the literature about the problem, c) identifying the purpose of the noting the significance of the problem for this audience and e) identifying the purpose of the proposed study. These components comprise a social science deficiency model of writing an introduction, because a major component of the introduction is to set forth the deficiencies in past research. To illustrate this model, a complete introduction in a published research study is presented and analyzed.

Process

Designing theorizing can draw from the same development process as for behavioral sciences are used to justify the proposition of deign – related hypotheses. Design – specific aspects such as artifact mutability require special attention.

Background of Study

The research design serves several purposes. First, it suggests the necessary observations you need to make to provide answers to the research question. It outlines the ways you should make your observations. Second, the research design identifies the analytical and statistical procedures you will need to use when analyzing the data. A major purpose of research is to establish that the independent and dependent variables are casually related. The research design consists of four components necessary to establish this purpose: comparison, manipulation, control and the ability to generalize findings (Frankfort – Nachmlas and Nachmlas 2000, 88). As we discuss in later chapters, the research design also specifies a model you can use to test the validity and significance of the statistical relationships.

Research Finding

Types of Research Designs

The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring it will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of design you should use, not the other way around.

1.      Choosing a Research Problem

A research problem is the main organizing principle guiding the analysis for the paper. The problem under investigation offers us an occasion for writing and a focus that governs what we want to say. It represents the core subject matter of scholarly communication and the means by which we arrives at other topics of conversations and the discovery of new knowledge and understanding.

2.      Preparing to Write

After determined the type of research design you will use, but before you sit down and begin to organize your paper, there are few things you should consider doing that will help make the process of writing go much smoother; make a schedule and analyze the assignment.

3.      The Abstract

An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less, the major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence that includes: 1) the overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you investigated, 2) the basic design of the study, 3) major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis and 4) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions.

4.      The Introduction

The introduction leads the reader from a general subject area to a particular topic of inquiry. It establishes the scope, context and significance of the purpose of the work in the form of the research being conducted by summarizing current understanding and background information about the topic, stating the purpose of the work in the form of the research problem supported by a hypothesis or a set of questions, explaining briefly the methodological approach used to examines the research problem, highlighting the potential outcomes your study can reveal and outlining the remaining structure and organization of the paper.

5.      The Literature Review

A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles and any other sources relevant to a particular issues, area of research or theory and by so doing, provides a descriptions, summary and crititcal evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated. Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits within a larger field of study.

6.      Methodology

The methodology section of research paper answers two main questions: How was the data collected or generated? The writing should be direct and precise and always written in the past tense.

7.      The Results

The results section is where you report the findings of your study based upon the methodology for methodological you applied to gather information. The results section should state the findings of the research arranged in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation.

8.      The Discussion

The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the introduction; the discussion should always explain how your study has moved the reader’s understanding of the research problem forward from where you left them at the end of the introduction.

9.      The Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re – statement of your research problem, but a synthesis of key points and if applicable where you recommend new areas for future research.

10.  Proofreading Your Paper

The act of searching for errors before you hand in your final research paper. Errors can be both grammatical and typographical in nature, but also include identifying problems with the narrative flow of your paper [i.e. the logical sequence of thoughts and ideas], problems with concise writing and finding any word processing errors [e.g. different font types, intended paragraphs, line spacing, uneven margins, etc].

Research Methodology

There are three kinds of methodology researchers could use. Qualitative, quantitative or even mixed methods. The qualitative methodology is used to explore the understanding about the research. A case study can be referred to an individual, a small group, an organization, community, or even a country (Punch, 2005; Richards, 2011). Merriam (1998, p. 3) also states that a case study can be defined as the “methods and techniques most suitable for collecting and analyzing the data”.

Conclusion

Research design is not related to any particular method of collecting data or any particular type of data. Any research design can, in principle, use any type of data collection method and can use either quantitative or qualitative data. Research design refers to the structure of an enquiry: it is a logical matter rather than a logistical one. It has been argued that the central role of research design is to minimize the chance of drawing incorrect casual inferences from data. Design is a logical task undertaken to ensure that the evidence collected enable us to answer questions or to test theories as unambiguously as possible. When designing research it is essential that we identify the type of evidence required to answer the research question in a convincing way. This means that we must not simply collect evidence that is consistent with particular theory or explanation. Research needs to be structured in such a way that the evidence also bears on alternative rival explanations and enables us to identify which one of the competing explanations is most compelling empirically. It also means that we must not simply look for evidence that support our favorite theory: we should also look for evidence that has the potential to disprove our preferred explanations.

References

Cresswell, John W (2014). RESEARCH DESIGN: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach. Los Angeles: SAGE

“WHAT IS RESEARCH DESIGN?”

From http://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/methods/005847ch1.pdf accessed on June 20th 2018

 “RESEARCH DESIGN”

From http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2808761/&hl=en-ID accessed on June 20^th 2018

Gemser, Gerda and Cees de Bont (2016) “DESIGN – RELATED AND DESIGN – FOCUSED RESEARCH: A STUDY OF PUBLICATION PATTERNS IN DESIGN JOURNALS”

From http://www.tandfoline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0960085x.2018.1458066 accessed on June 20th 2018

Rowley, Jenny (2014) “DESIGNING AND USING RESEARCH QUESTIONNARIES”

From http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/MRR-02-2013-0027 accessed June 20th 2018

Trochim, William M. K (2006)  “WRITING GUIDES: RESEARCH DESIGN”

From http://www.libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchdesign&hl=en-ID accessed on June 20^th 2018

“RESEARCH DESIGN”

From http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design accessed on June 20th 2018

Biber, Sharlene Hesse “INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY”. From http://tandfoline.com/loi/tsrm20 accessed on June 20th 2018

Hadi, Muhamad Sofian “THE USE OF COMMUNICATE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) IN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF JAKARTA: A CASE STUDY”. From

http://www.academia.edu/36326203/THE_USE_OF_COMMUNICATE_LANGUAGE_TEACHING_CLT_ accessed on June 23rd 2018

Not the Usual Hot Dog Man

I was in hurry that morning so I have to run as fast as I can while holding my delicious hot dog I always buy for breakfast when I’m in a rush. The problem is I always in hurry every morning, that’s why the seller already know me and pack the hot dog with much mustard and mayo on it. He knew I always in hurry every day, even he knew my name by seeing my name tag on my vest. Besides, his booth are on-the-go hot dog booth that I like so much and he makes it easy to eat it, the hot dog has a different kind of taste. I can taste the fried well garlic, he made the garlic caramelized and he pour it in the sauce on the frying pan. He doesn’t forget to toast the bun before he toast the sausage. It’s not the ordinary sausage but it has melted cheese in it plus he add mozzarella cheese in front of me when I’m about to take my precious hot dog, I just can’t skip my day without seeing mozzarella cheese melted onto my hot dog then come to my mouth. I can’t go without eating it, it just too delicious to be skipped every morning.

As time flies by the hotdog seller and I become friend. Carl is so much older than me, as old as my dad perhaps. Sometimes in my free time I come to visit him and of course buy his delicious hot dog. And sometimes I helped him to toast the bread or make note the order. He more like father figure to me after I lost my dad four years ago. I learned a lot from him, more than just how to make delicious hot dog he sells but life too. How life not goes as we want it to, he taught me sometimes we have to let something go for our good. He told me it’s okay to cry our hearts out to make a room in our hearts. Thanks to him, now I learned how good to let your past behind but it is okay if we want to look back to learn from it.

He’s not only my favorite hot dog’s maker but now he is my love – match – maker too! I met a stranger in his booth on the way to my work place. I bumped into him and stained his shirt with mustard. Despite he’ll get angry with that, he asked me where I bought the hot dog instead. I brought him to Carl. I introduced Jaden to Carl, like introduce him to my father so we’ll have his blessing but no. Jaden just a hungry consumer who wants to eat something delicious, ended up he become regular consumer like me. We always met each other, having a chit – chat, he walks with me to my office, we had dates, and then we had a kiss! He used to be just stranger but now he’ll be my husband in a few weeks, how fast the night changes, babe.

I’d like to say thank you to Carl for giving me lessons of life and forget my past. Not forget to mention his hot dog too, to bring Jaden to my life. To picked up my pieces of broken heart, to complete the puzzle in my heart. We both agree to invite Carl and his hot dog to our wedding day. Carl will sit in my family area and the hot dog can sees us from the buffet.